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Business Citation Guide

Within the academic community, it is very important to cite and reference your sources in reports, papers and essays. Western University takes plagiarism and citing sources very seriously. Plagiarizing or failing to cite is considered an academic offence (Western University's Scholastic Discipline and Academic Sanctions for Undergraduate and Graduate Students).

It is highly recommended by library staff that patrons learn to use RefWorks as well as Write-N-Cite when referencing and creating bibliographies. These tools help make citing your sources a very simple and easy process. It is a free service that anyone within the Western community can use. To create an account, please visit Western Libraries RefWorks site.

You may also wish to explore our guides on other citation software including Zotero and Mendeley.

For your convenience we provide common citation examples found in the fields relating to business and management below. The following table lists the types of citations to the kinds of resources you are likely to be using (books, journals, databases, etc.) By clicking on the appropriate link in the table you will be taken to the related citation example.

Alternately see the .pdf guide which includes everything from this online guide.

Books:
With One Author;
With Two Authors;
With Three or More Authors

No Author Given

Editor, No Author

Chapter or Article in Edited Book

Print Journals:
With One Author; With Two Authors; With Three or More Authors

No Author Given

Electronic Journals:
With One Author;
With Two Authors;
With Three or More Authors

No Author Given

Print Newspapers:
With One Author

No Author Given

Electronic Newspapers:
With One Author
With No Author Given

Government:
Stats Canada / CANSIM

Print Cases

Annual Reports

SEDAR/EDGAR

Databases with Reports:

Thomson One Banker, Mergent

Databases with Articles:

Lexis/Nexis, Factiva, ProQuest, Scopus, Google Scholar

Company Databases:

FP Infomart, Standard & Poor's NetAdvantage, Hoover's Company Records

Marketing Databases:

MarketLine Advantage, MarketResearch.Com, Passport, Mintel, IBIS World

Forrester

Specialized Live Feed Resources:
Bloomberg
DataStream

International Databases:

Economist Intelligence Unit, ISI Emerging Markets, Business Monitor Online, Europa World Plus

Source OECD

CD-ROMs:
Dun & Bradstreet Industry Norms & Ratios

Stock Guide

Toronto Stock Exchange / CFMRC

General Websites

Format:

AMA: American Management Association: business
APA: American Psychological Association: psychology, education, and social sciences.
Chicago: all subjects; commonly used by books, magazines, newspapers, and non-scholarly publications
MLA: Modern Language Association: literature, arts, and humanities.

Reference List explains how to cite all of your sources (alphabetically) at the end of your report.

In-Text Citation explains how to cite your sources within your paper, following a sentence.

Footnotes/Endnotes explains how to cite your sources either at the bottom of the page or the end of the report with numerical accuracy. A bibliography is still necessary at the end of the report as well.

PRINT SOURCES

Books:

With One Author:

	Reference List	In-Text Citaton	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Smith, 102)	1. David Smith. Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), pp. 21.
APA	Smith, D. (2007). Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing.	(Smith, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Smith, David. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Smith 2007, 102)	1. David Smith, Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), 21.
MLA	Smith, David. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Smith 102)	Parenthetical citations used.

With Two Authors:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David and Tom Jones. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Smith and Jones, 102)	1. David Smith and Tom Jones. Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), pp. 21.
APA	Smith, D., & Jones, T. (2007). Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing.	(Smith & Jones, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Smith, David and Tom Jones. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Smith and Jones 2007, 102)	David Smith and Tom Jones, Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), 21.
MLA	Smith, David and Tom Jones. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007. When continued onto second line, MLA must be indented.	(Smith and Jones 102)	Parenthetical citations used.

With Three or More Authors:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David, et al. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Smith, et al., 102)	1. David Smith, et al., Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), pp. 14-20.
APA	Smith, D., Jones, T. & Brooke, B. (2007). Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing. If there are more than seven names, use "et al."	(Smith, Jones and Brooks, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Smith, David, Tom Jones and Ben Brooke. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	Smith, Jones and Brooks (2007, 102).	1. David Smith et al., Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), 14-20.
MLA	Smith, David, et al. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007. When continued onto second line, MLA must be indented.	(Smith, et al. 102)	Parenthetical citations used.

No Author Given:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Organization Name. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Corporate Responsibility, 102)	1. Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), pp. 12.
APA	Corporate Responsibility . (2007) New York: Thames Publishing.	(Corporate Responsibility , 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Corporate Author. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Corporate Responsibility 102)	1. Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), 12.
MLA	Corporate Responsibility . New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Corporate Responsibility 102)	Parenthetical citations used.

Editor, No Author:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Foonotes/Endotes
AMA	Smith, David, Ed. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Smith, 102)	1. David Smith, ed., Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), pp. 25.
APA	Smith, D. (Ed.) (2007). Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing.	(Smith, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Smith, David, ed. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Smith 2007, 102)	1. David Smith, ed., Man in God's World, (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), 25.
MLA	Smith, David, ed. Corporate Responsibility. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Smith 102)	Parenthetical citations used.

Chapter or Article in Edited Book:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Cook, Sarah. “Sustainable Development,” in Corporate Responsibility. Ed. David Smith. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Smith, 56)	1. Sarah Cook, "Sustainable Development," in Corporate Responsibility, ed. David Smith (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), pp. 100.
APA	Cook, S. (1992). Sustainable Development. In David Smith (Ed.), Corporate Responsibility (pp. 51-84). New York: Thames Publishing.	(Smith, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Cook, Sarah. “Sustainable Development.” In Corporate Responsibility, edited by David Smith, 99–119. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007.	(Smith 2007, 56)	1. Sarah Cook, "Sustainable Development," in Corporate Responsibility, ed. David Smith (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), 100.
MLA	Cook, Sarah. "Sustainable Development." Corporate Responsibility. Ed. David Smith. New York: Thames Publishing, 2007. 24-34.	(Smith 56)	Parenthetical citations used.

Print Cases:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Rosenberg, Tevya. Audience View. Ivey No. 9B07N006. London, ON: Ivey Publishing, 2007.	(Rosenberg, 102)	1. Tevya Rosenberg. Audience View (London, ON: Ivey Publishing, 2006), pp. 18.
APA	Rosenberg, T. (2007). Audience View. Ivey No. 9B07N006. London, ON: Ivey Publishing.	(Rosenberg, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Rosenberg, Tevya. Audience View. London, ON: Ivey Publishing, 2007.	(Rosenberg 2007, 102)	1. Tevya Rosenberg, Audience View (London, ON: Ivey Publishing, 2006), 18.
MLA	Rosenberg, Tevya. Audience View. Ivey No. 9B07N006. London, ON: Ivey Publishing, 2007.	(Rosenberg 102)	Parenthetical citations used.

Print Journals/Periodicals:

With One Author:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David. “Managerial Science Success.” Project Management Review 12.3 (2004):252-264.	(Smith, 255)	1. David Smith, “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.
APA	Smith, D. (2004). Managerial Science Success. Project Management Review, 12(3), 252-264.	(Smith, 2004)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Smith, David. 2004. Managerial Science Success. Project Management Review 12 (3): 252-264.	(Smith 2004, 255)	1. David Smith, "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.
MLA	Smith, David. “Managerial Science Success.” Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.	(Smith 255)	Parenthetical citations used.

With Two Authors:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David and Tom Jones. “Managerial Science Success.” Project Management Review (12.3): 252-264.	(Smith and Jones, 255)	1. David Smith and Tom Jones, “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.
APA	Smith, D. & Jones, T. (2004). Managerial Science Success. Project Management Review, 12(3), 252-264.	(Smith & Jones, 2004)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Smith, David and Tom Jones. 2004. Managerial Science Success. Project Management Review 12 (3): 252-264.	(Smith and Jones 2004, 255)	1. David Smith and Tom Jones, "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.
MLA	Smith, David and Tom Jones. "Managerial Science Success." Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.	(Smith and Jones 255)	Parenthetical citations used.

With Three or More Authors:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David, et al. “Managerial Science Success.” Project Management Review (12.3):252-264.	(Smith, et al., 255)	1. David Smith, et al., “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.
APA	Smith, D., Jones, T. & Cook, S. (2004). Managerial Science Success. Project Management Review, 12(3), 252-264. If there are more than seven names, use "et al."	(Smith, Jones and Brooks, 2004)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Smith, David, Tom Jones and Sarah Cook. 2004. Managerial Science Success. Project Management Review 12 (3): 252-264. If there are more than three names, use "et al."	Smith, Jones and Brooks (2004, 255).	1. David Smith, et al., "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.
MLA	Smith, David, et al. "Managerial Science Success." Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.	(Smith, et al. 255)	Parenthetical citations used.

No Author Given:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	“Managerial Science Success.” Project Management Review (12.3):252-264.	(Managerial Science Success, 102)	1. “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.
APA	Managerial Science Success. (2004) Project Management Review, 12(3), 252-264.	( Managerial Science Success, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Managerial Science Success. 2004. Project Management Review 12 (3): 252-264.	(Managerial Science Success 102)	1. "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.
MLA	"Managerial Science Success." Project Management Review 12.3 (2004): 252-264.	(Managerial Science Success 102)	Parenthetical citations used.

Print Newspapers:

With One Author:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David. "Buying a Home." The Financial Times (March 19, 2006):G1.	(Smith, G1)	1. David Smith, “Buying a Home,” The Financial Times, March 19, 2006, p. G1.
APA	Smith, D. (2006, March 19). Buying a home. The Financial Times, pp. G-1.	(Smith, 2006)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Not listed in this General Format, but in the foot/end notes and in-text citation.	(Smith 2006, G1)	1. David Smith, "Buying a Home," The Financial Times, 19 March 2006, sec. G1.
MLA	Smith, David. "Buying a Home." The Financial Times [New York] 19 March 2006: G1+.	(Smith G1)	Parenthetical citations used.

No Author Given:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	"Buying a Home." The Financial Times (March 19, 2006):G1.	(“Buying a Home,” G1)	1. “Buying a Home,” The Financial Times, March 19, 2006, p. G1.
APA	Buying a home. (2006, March 19). The Financial Times, pp. G1.	(Buying a Home, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Not listed in this format, but in the foot/end notes and in-text citation.	(Buying a Home G1)	1. "Buying a Home," The Financial Times, 19 March 2006, sec. G1.
MLA	"Buying a Home." The Financial Times [New York] 19 March 2006: G1+.	(“Buying a Home” G1)	Parenthetical citations used.

ELECTRONIC SOURCES

Government Publications:

Statistics Canada & CANSIM:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Statistics Canada. How to Cite Statistics Canada Products. Ottawa: Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 12-591-XWE, 2006.	(Statistics Canada, 102)	1. Statistics Canada, “How To Cite Statistics Canada Products,” Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 12-591-XWE, 2006.
APA	Statistics Canada. (2006, Feb. 10). CANSIM II series V37426, Table number V1760064. Foreign Exchange Rates In Canadian Dollars (Table Number), series title “Canada; United States Dollar, Noon Spot Rate, Average.” Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Retrieved April 30, 2007 from CANSIM II.	(Statistics Canada, 2006)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Statistics Canada. How to Cite Statistics Canada Products. Ottawa: Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 12-591-XWE.	(Statistics Canada 2006)	1. Statistics Canada, How to Cite Statistics Canada Products , Catalogue no. 12-591-XWE.
MLA	Canada. Statistics Canada. CANSIM II Series V37426 , Table number V1760064 . Foreign Exchange Rates In Canadian Dollars (Table Number), series title “ Canada; United States Dollar, Noon Spot Rate, Average.” (10 February, 2006). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. CANSIM II database. Business Library, London, ON. 30 April, 2007.	(Statistics Canada, 2006)	Parenthetical citations used.

Electronic Journals:

With One Author:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David. “Managerial Science Success.” Project Management Review (12.3):252-264. http://www.projectmanagement.com/	(Smith, 252)	1. David Smith, “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 12.3 (2005): http://www.projectmanagement.com/.
APA	Smith, D. (2001). Managerial Science Success. [Electronic version]. Project Management Review, 12(3), 252-264.	(Smith, 2001)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Smith, David. 2004. Managerial Science Success. Project Management Review 12, no. 3: 252-264. http://www.projectmanagement.com/ (accessed June 30, 2005).	(Smith 2001, 252)	1. David Smith, "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12, no.3 (2005): 252-264, http://www.projectmanagement.com/.
MLA	Smith, David. "Managerial Science Success." Project Management Review 12.3 (2004). 29 Mar. 2004 <http://www.projectmanagement.com/>.	(Smith 252)	Parenthetical citations used.

With Two Authors:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David and Tom Jones. “Managerial Science Success.” Project Management Review (12.3):252-264. http://www.projectmanagement.com/	(Smith and Jones, 252)	1. David Smith and Tom Jones, “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 12.3 (2005): http://www.projectmanagement.com/.
APA	Smith, D. & Jones, T. (2001). Managerial Science Success. [Electronic version]. Project Management Review, 12(3), 252-264.	(Smith & Jones, 2001)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Smith, David and Tom Jones. 2004. Managerial Science Success. Project Management Review 12, no. 3: 252-264. http://www.projectmanagement.com/ (accessed June 30, 2005).	(Smith and Jones 2001, 252)	1. David Smith and Tom Jones, "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12, no.3 (2005): 252-264, http://www.projectmanagement.com/.
MLA	Smith, David and Tom Jones. "Managerial Science Success." Project Management Review 12.3 (2004). 29 Mar. 2004 <http://www.projectmanagement.com/>.	(Smith and Jones 252)	Parenthetical citations used.

With Three or More Authors:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David, et al. “Managerial Science Success.” Project Management Review (12.3):252-264. http://www.projectmanagement.com/	(Smith, et al., 252)	1. David Smith, et al., “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 12.3 (2005): http://www.projectmanagement.com/.
APA	Smith, D., Jones, T. & Cook, S. (2001). Managerial Science Success. [Electronic version]. Project Management Review, 12(3), 252-264. If there are more than seven names, use "et al."	(Smith, Jones and Brooks, 2001)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Smith, David, Tom Jones and Sarah Cook. 2004. Managerial Science Success. Project Management Review 12, no. 3: 252-264. http://www.projectmanagement.com/ (accessed June 30, 2005). If there are more than three names, use "et al."	Smith, Jones and Brooks (2007, 252).	1. David Smith, et al., "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12, no.3 (2005): 252-264, http://www.projectmanagement.com/.
MLA	Smith, David, et al. "Managerial Science Success." Project Management Review 12.3 (2004). 29 Mar. 2004 <http://www.projectmanagement.com/>.	(Smith, et al. 252)	Parenthetical citations used.

No Author Given:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	“Managerial Science Success.” Project Management Review (12.3):252-264. http://www.projectmanagement.com/	(“Managerial Science Success,” 102)	1. “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 12.3 (2005): http://www.projectmanagement.com/.
APA	Managerial Science Success. [Electronic version]. (2001). Project Management Review, 12(3), 252-264.	( Managerial Science Success, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Managerial Science Success. 2004. Project Management Review 12, no. 3: 252-264. http://www.projectmanagement.com/ (accessed June 30, 2005).	(Managerial Science Success 102)	1. "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12, no.3 (2005): 252-264, http://www.projectmanagement.com/.
MLA	"Managerial Science Success." Project Management Review 12.3 (2004). 29 Mar. 2004 <http://www.projectmanagement.com/>.	(“Managerial Science Success” 102)	Parenthetical citations used.

Electronic Newspapers:

With One Author:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David. "Buying a Home." The Financial Times (March 19, 2006). June 14, 2006. http://www.finanical.com/.	(Smith)	1. David Smith, “Buying a Home,” The Financial Times, March 19, 2006, http://www.financial.com/
APA	Smith, D. (2006, March 19). Buying a Home. The Financial Times. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved June 14, 2006, from http://www.financial.com/	(Smith, 2006)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Not listed in this format, but in the foot/end notes and in-text citation.	(Smith 2006)	1. David Smith, "Buying a Home," The Financial Times, March 19, 2006, http://www.financial.com/.
MLA	Smith, David. “Buying a Home.” The Financial Times (19 March 2006). Online. 14 June 2006 <http://www.financial.com/>.	(Smith)	Parenthetical citations used.

No Author:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	"Buying a Home." The Financial Times (March 19, 2006). June 14, 2006. http://www.finanical.com/.	(“Buying a Home”)	1. “Buying a Home,” The Financial Times, March 19, 2006, http://www.financial.com/
APA	Buying a Home. [Electronic Version]. (2006, March 19).The Financial Times. Retrieved June 14, 2006, from http://www.financial.com/	(Buying a Home, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Not listed in this format, but in the foot/end notes and in-text citation.	(Buying a Home)	1. "Buying a Home," The Financial Times, March 19, 2006, http://www.financial.com/.
MLA	“Buying a Home.” The Financial Times (19 March 2006). Online. 14 June 2006 <http://www.financial.com/>.	(“Buying a Home”)	Parenthetical citations used.

Databases with Articles:

The following examples work well with all of these databases:

Lexis Nexis, Factiva, ProQuest, SCOPUS and Google Scholar:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David. "Managerial Science Success." Project Management Review (2004). (162.1): Lexis Nexis Academic. May 23, 2004. http://www.lexisnexis.com/.	(Smith, 102)	1. David Smith, “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 2004, http://www.lexisnexis.com/.
APA	Cipriano, L. E., Rupar, C. A., & Zaric, G. S. (2007). The cost-effectiveness of expanding newborn screening for up to 21 inherited metabolic disorders using tandem mass spectrometry: Results from a decision-analytic model. Value in Health, 10(2), 83-97. Retrieved April 30, 2007, from Scopus database.	(Cipriano, 2004)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Abbott, Lawrence J. "Female Board Presence and the Likelihood of Financial Restatement," Accounting Horizons 26, no. 4 (2012): 607-629. Accessed January 10, 2013. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=84350151&site=bsi-live.	(Smith 2004, 102)	1. Lawrence J. Abbott, “Female Board Presence and the Likelihood of Financial Restatement,” Accounting Horizons 26, no. 4 (2012): 607, accessed December 10, 2013, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=84350151&site=bsi-live.
MLA	Carmen Olmos, Fernando Ashkeboussi. "Compensation Options in Joint Ventures. A Real Options Approach." Engineering Economist 52.1 (22 March 2007): 02 May 2007. Factiva. 02 May 2007 <http://global.factiva.com/>.	(Smith 102)	Parenthetical citations used.

Databases with Reports:

Thomson One Banker and Mergent:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Smith, David. Walt Disney Co. (Feb. 14, 2007). Credit Suisse North America. April 12, 2007. https://login.thomsonone.com.	(Smith)	1. David Smith, “Walt Disney Co.,” Credit Suisse North America 2007, https://login.thomsonone.com.
APA	Smith, D. (2007, Feb. 14). Walt Disney Co. Credit Suisse North America. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from Thomson One Banker database.	(Smith, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Mergent Inc. "Disney (Walt) Co." Company Details May 2007: via Mergent Online, http://www.mergentonline.com/, accessed May 2007.	(Mergent Inc. 2007)	1. Mergent Inc., "Disney (Walt) Co.," Company Details May, 2007, http://www.mergentonline.com/.
MLA	Mergent Inc. Disney (Walt) Co. (May 2007). Mergent Online database. Business Library, London, ON. 02 May, 2007 <http://www.mergentonline.com/>.	(Mergent Inc.)	Parenthetical citations used.

Company Databases:

FP Infomart, Standard & Poor’s NetAdvantage, Mergent Online:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Whirlwind Resource Explorations Ltd. Predecessor and Defunct Report. (April 2007). FP Infomart database. April 25, 2007. http://www.fpinfomart.ca/.	( “Whirlwind Resource Explorations Ltd.”)	1. “Whirlwind Resource Explorations Ltd. Predecessor and Defunct Creport,” FP Infomart 2007, http://www.fpinfomart.com.
APA	Whirlwind Resource Explorations Ltd Predecessor and Defunct Report . (2007). Retrieved April 25, 2007 from FP Infomart database.	(Whirlwind Resource Explorations Ltd., 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Hoover’s. Reebok International Ltd., Hoover’s Company Records April 2007: via Hoover’s Company Records database, http://www.lexisnexis.com/, accessed April 2007.	(Hoover’s 2007)	1. Hoover’s, "Reebok International Ltd.," Hoover’s Company Records April, 2007, http://www.lexisnexis.com/.
MLA	Standard and Poor’s. Nike, Inc. Company Profile. (May 2007). S&P NetAdvantage database. Business Library, London, ON. 20 May, 2007 < http://www.netadvantage.standardandpoors.com/>.	(Standard and Poor’s)	Parenthetical citations used.

International Databases:

Economist Intelligence Unit, ISI Emerging Markets, Business Monitor Online, Europa World Plus:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Economist Intelligence Unit. Country Commerce: Spain. (2006). EIU Country Commerce database. April 12, 2007. http://www.eiu.com/.	( Mergent, P1)	1. Economist Intelligence Unit, “Country Commerce: Spain,” EIU Country Commerce 2007, http://www.eiu.com.
APA	Macroeconomic Insight. (2007, May 12). Business News Turkey. Retrieved May 30, 2007, from ISI Emerging Markets database.	(Macroeconomic Insight, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Business Monitor International. “Canada Commercial Banking Forecast Q2 2004.” Business Monitor Online, accessed April 12, 2007.	(Business Monitor International 2007)	1. Business Monitor International, "Canada Commercial Banking Forecast Q2 2004," Business Monitor Online April, 2007, http://www.businessmonitor.com/.
MLA	Towse, Raymond J. “Canada In a Global Context” Europa World Plus , 2007 <http://www.europaworld.com/>.	(Towse, Raymond)	Parenthetical citations used.

Source OECD:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Achievements in OECD Countries. Paris: Oecd, 2001 .	(OECD, 82)	1. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Achievements in OECD Countries (Paris: Oecd, 2001), pp. 24.
APA	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2001). Achievements in OECD countries. Paris: Oecd.	(OECD, 2006)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2001. Achievements in OECD countries. Paris: Oecd.	(OECD 2006, 82)	1. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2007), 21.
MLA	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Achievements in OECD Countries. Paris: Oecd, 2001.	(OECD 82)	Parenthetical citations used.

Marketing & Industry Databases:

MarketLine Advantage, MartketResearch.com, Passport, Mintel and IBIS World:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Euromonitor. Gardening – Spain Country Report . Passport. April 12, 2007. http://www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/server.pt.	(Euromonitor 2007)	1. Euromonitor, “Gardening – Spain Country Report,” Passport 2007, http://www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/server.pt.
APA	Packaged Facts. (April 2007). Italian Foods in the U.S. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from MarketResearch.com Academic.	(Packaged Facts, 2006)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	DataMonitor. “ Accouting in Japan.” MarketLine Advantage, accessed April 12, 2007.	(DataMonitor 2006)	1. MarketLIne Advantage, "Accounting in Japan," DataMonitor April, 2007, http://advantage.marketline.com/
MLA	Mintel. Coffee – US – October 2006. (2006). Mintel Market Research Reports database. Business Library, London, ON. 12 April, 2007 <http://academic.mintel.com/>.	(Mintel)	Parenthetical citations used.

Europa World Plus and Forrester:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endotes
AMA	Towse, Raymond J. Canada In a Global Context. Europa World Plus. April 12, 2007. http://www.europaworld.com/.	(Towse, 2007)	1. Raymond J. Towse, “Canada In a Global Context,” Europa World Plus 2007, http://www.europaworld.com.
APA	Kemp, M.B. (2007, April 7). Marketing Beauty with the Internet Beast. Retrieved April 12, 2007 from Forrester Research database.	(Kemp, 2005)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Moore, Lisa. “ Future Innovations in Food and Drinks to 2006: Forward-focused NPD and consumer trends ,” MarketLine Advantage, accessed April 12, 2007.	(Moore 2005)	1. Lisa Moore, "Future Innovations in Food and Drinks to 2006: Forward-focused NPD and consumer trends," MarketLine Advantage April, 2007, http://advantage.marketline.com/.
MLA	Kemp, Mary Beth. Marketing Beauty with the Internet Beast. (April 2007). Forrester Research database. Business Library, London, ON. 12 April, 2007 <http://www.forrester.com/>.	(Kemp)	Parenthetical citations used.

SEDAR and EDGAR:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Warnex Inc. Audited Annual Financial Statements . SEDAR database. April 25, 2007. http://www.sedar.com/.	( “Whilwind Resource Explorations Ltd.”)	1. Warnex Inc., “Audited Annual Financial Statements,” SEDAR 2007, http://www.sedar.com.
APA	Warnex Inc. (2007, Mar. 15). Audited Annual Financial Statements. Retrieved April 25, 2006 from SEDAR database.	(Whildwind Resource Explorations Ltd., 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Warnex Inc. “ Audited Annual Financial Statements. ” SEDAR database, accessed April 25, 2007.	(Whirlwind Resource Explorations Ltd. 2007)	1. Warnex Inc., "Annual Audited Financial Statements," SEDAR April, 2007, http://www.sedar.com/.
MLA	Warnex Inc. Audited Annual Financial Statements. (15 March, 2007). SEDAR database <http://www.sedar.com/>.	(“Whirlwind Resource Explorations Ltd.”)	Parenthetical citations used.

Annual Reports:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Google Inc. 2006 Annual Report . April 12, 2007. http://www.google.com/.	( “Proflex Limited,” 2)	1. Google Inc., “2006 Annual Report,” Google 2007, http://www.google.com.
APA	Google Inc. (2007). 2006 Annual Report. Retrieved April 12, 2007 from http://www.google.com/.	(“Proflex Limited,” 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Google Inc. “ 2006 Annual Report, ”Google, accessed April 12, 2007.	(“Proflex Limited” 2007, 2)	1. Google Inc., "2006 Annual Report," Google April, 2007, http://www.google.com/.
MLA	Google Inc. 2006 Annual Report. (2007). 12 April, 2007 <http://www.google.com/>.	(“Proflex Limited” 2)	Parenthetical citations used.

OTHER SOURCES

Specialized Live Feed Resources:

Bloomberg:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endotes
AMA	Bloomberg L.P. Stock Price graph for Apple Inc. 12/1/03 to 12/1/04. Bloomberg terminal. April 12, 2007.	( Bloomberg, 2007)	1. Bloomberg L.P., “Stock Price graph for Apple Inc. 12/1/03 to 12/1/04,” Bloomberg 2007.
APA	Bloomberg L.P. (2007) Stock price graph for Apple Inc. 12/1/03 to 12/1/04. Retrieved April 12, 2007 from Bloomberg terminal.	(Bloomberg, 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Stock price graph for Apple Inc. December 1, 2003 - December 1, 2004, via Bloomberg LP, accessed April 12, 2007.	(Bloomberg 2007)	1. " Stock Price graph for Apple Inc. 12/1/03 to 12/1/04 ," Bloomberg April, 2007.
MLA	Bloomberg L.P. Stock price graph for Apple Inc. 12/1/03 to 12/1/04. Bloomberg terminal, 12 April 2007.	(Bloomberg 2007)	Parenthetical citations used.

DataStream:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endotes
AMA	Datastream. International Financial Statistics. Datastream database. April 10, 2006.	( Datastream, 2007)	1. Datastream, “International Financial Statistics,” Datastream 2006.
APA	Datastream. (2006, April. 10). International Financial Statistics Retrieved April. 30, 2007, from Datastream database.	(Datastream, 2006)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Datastream. International Financial Statistics, via Datastream database, accessed April 30, 2007.	(Datastream 2007)	1. Datastream, " International Financial Statistics ," Datastream April, 2007.
MLA	Datastream. International Financial Statistics (2006, April. 10). Datastream database. Business Library, London, ON. 30 April, 2007.	(Datastream)	Parenthetical citations used.

CD-ROMS:

Dun & Bradstreet Industry Norms and Ratios:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Dun and Bradstreet. Ratios for SIC 1111 . May 12, 2006. Dun & Bradstreet Industry Norms and Ratios CD-ROM.	(Dun and Bradstreet, 2006)	1. Dun and Bradstreet, “Ratios for SIC 1111,” Dun & Bradsteet Industry Norms and Ratios 2006.
APA	Dun and Bradstreet (2006). Ratios for SIC 1111. Retrieved May. 12, 2006, from Dun & Bradstreet Industry Norms and Ratios CD-ROM.	(Dun and Bradstreet, 2006)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Dun and Bradstreet. “ Ratios for SIC 1111. ” Dun & Bradstreet Industry Norms and Ratios CD-ROM, accessed May 12, 2006.	(Dun and Bradstreet 2006)	1. Dun and Bradstreet, " Ratios for SIC 1111 ," Dun & Bradstreet Industry Norms and Ratios May, 2006.
MLA	Dun and Bradstreet. Ratios for SIC 1111. (2006). Business Library, London, ON. 12 May, 2006. Dun & Bradstreet Industry Norms and Ratios CD-ROM.	(Dun and Bradstreet 2006)	Parenthetical citations used.

Toronto Stock Exchange/CFMRC:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Toronto Stock Exchange. Closing Price . May 12, 2006. CFMRC CD-ROM.	(Toronto Stock Exchange, 2006)	1. Toronto Stock Exchange, “Closing Price,” CFMRC 2006.
APA	Toronto Stock Exchange (2006). Closing Price. Retrieved May. 12, 2006, from CFMRC CD-ROM.	(Toronto Stock Exchange, 2006)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Toronto Stock Exchange. “ Closing Price. ” CFMRC CD-ROM, accessed May 12, 2006.	(Toronto Stock Exchange 2006)	1. Toronto Stock Exchange, " Closing Price ," CFMRC May, 2006.
MLA	Toronto Stock Exchange. Closing Price. (2006). Business Library, London, ON. 12 May, 2006. CFMRC CD-ROM.	(Toronto Stock Exchange 2006)	Parenthetical citations used.

General Websites:

	Reference List	In-Text Citation	Footnotes/Endnotes
AMA	Loblaw Inc. About us: Company Profile. Loblaw.com. November 9, 2009. http://www.loblaw.com/en/abt_corprof.html.	( “About us: Company Profile”)	1. Loblaw Inc., “About us: Company Profile,” Loblaw.com 2009, http://www.loblaw.com/en/abt_corprof.html.
APA	About us: Company profile Retrieved 11/13/2009, 2009, from http://www.loblaw.com/en/abt_corprof.html	(About us: Company profile)	Parenthetical citations used.
Chicago	Metro Inc. Annual Reports [cited 11/13/2009]. Available from http://www.metro.ca/corpo/resultat-financiers/rapports-annuels.en.html.	(Metro Inc.)	1. Metro Inc., "Annual Reports," Metro.ca. November, 2009, http://www.metro.ca/corpo/resultat-financiers/rapports-annuels.en.html.
MLA	"About Us: Company Profile " 11/13/2009 <http://www.loblaw.com/en/abt_corprof.html>.	("About Us: Company Profile ")	Parenthetical citations used.