Citing Business Sources - Chicago Style
The Chicago Manual of Style can be used to cite sources in any faculty or subject. This guide will assist you in creating a works cited list/bibliography with examples relevant to business resources.
Chicago uses the NB system in which either a footnote or endnote is included for each time a source is cited:
- Footnotes/Endnotes offer an example of how to cite your sources at either the end of the page (footnote) or at the end of your paper (endnote). See an explanation of footnotes/endnotes.
- Author-Date/In-Text Citation offer an example of how to cite your sources within a sentence in your paper/report. See an explanation of the author-date style.
If you require assistance, please feel free to email us.
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Footnote/Endnote: Proctor & Gamble Co. 1937. New Shampoo Startles the Country With Its Beautifying Results. Ad*Access, http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/adaccess_BH0397/.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Proctor & Gamble Co. 1937)
Analyst/Investment Reports
Footnote/Endnote: Deutsche Bank, "Microsoft", September 19, 2013, via Thomson One, accessed September 21, 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Deutsche Bank 2013, 4-5) 4-5 refers to page numbers, if necessary
Annual Reports
Footnote/Endnote: Canadian Tire Corporation, 2012 Annual Report, p. 15, http://corp.canadiantire.ca/EN/Investors/FinancialReports/Annual%20Reports%20Library/CTC_AR_2012.pdf, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Canadian Tire Corporation 2012, 15) 15 refers to page number, if necessary
Blog Post
Footnote/Endnote: N. Taylor Thompson, "13 Years, 175 Million Users, Little Profit: What Pandora’s New CEO Needs to Do Next", HBR Blog Network (blog), Harvard Business Review, September 19, 2013, http://blogs.hbr.org/2013/09/13-years-175-million-users-0-profit-what-pandoras-new-ceo-needs-to-do-next/, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Thompson 2013)
Bloomberg
Footnote/Endnote: Bloomberg, Beta for General Motors 07/01/2011 to 07/01/2013, via Bloomberg LP, accessed September/2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Bloomberg 2013)
Books (Electronic)
With one (1) author
Footnote/Endnote: Betty Vandenbosch, Designing solutions for your business problems: a structured process for managers and consultants (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003), HTML e-book, https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=41045, accessed August 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Vandenbosch 2003)
With two (2) authors
Footnote/Endnote: Philip Kotler and Milton Kotler, Market your way to growth (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2013), HTML e-book, https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com/detail.asp?ID=422990, accessed August 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Kotler and Kotler 2013, 121-123) 121-123 refers to page number, if necessary
With three (3) authors
Footnote/Endnote: John Smith, David Jones, and Brad Austin, Market your way to growth (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2013), HTML e-book, https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com/detail.asp?ID=422990, accessed August 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith, Jones, and Austin 2013, 121-123) 121-123 refers to page number, if necessaryWith four (4) or more authors
Footnote/Endnote: Donald E. Kieso, Jerry J. Weygandt, Terry D. Warfield, Nicola M. Young, and Irene M. Wiecek, Intermediate Accounting (Mississauga: John Wiley & Sons Canada, 2012), HTML e-book, https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com/detail.asp?ID=422990, accessed August 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, Young, and Wiecek 2012, 121-123) 121-123 refers to page number, if necessary
Editor, no author
Footnote/Endnote: Jay Kandampully, ed. Service Management: The New Paradigm in Retailing (New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2012), HTML e-book, https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1554-1, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Kandampully 2012, 12-13) 12-13 refers to page number, if necessary
Chapter or article in edited book
Footnote/Endnote: Alessandro Quintavalle, "Uber Luxury: For Billionaires Only," in Global luxury trends: innovative strategies for emerging markets, edited by J. Hoffmann (Houndmills, Basingstroke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), HTML e-book, https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1554-1, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Quintavalle 2013, 53) 53 refers to page number, if necessary
Books (Print)
With one (1) author
Footnote/Endnote: Donald Smith, Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2013), p. 29.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith 2013, 29) 29 refers to page number, if necessary
With two (2) authors
Footnote/Endnote: Donald Smith and Terry Jones, Corporate Responsibility(New York: Thames Publishing, 2013), p. 29.
Author-Date/In-text citation:(Smith and Jones 2013, 29) 29 refers to page number, if necessary
With three (3) or more authors
Footnote/Endnote: Donald Smith, Terry Jones, and Brad Austin, Corporate Responsibility(New York: Thames Publishing, 2013), p. 29.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith, Jones, and Austin 2013, 29) 29 refers to page number, if necessary
With four (4) or more authors
Footnote/Endnote: Donald E. Kieso, Jerry J. Weygandt, Terry D. Warfield, Nicola M. Young, and Irene M. Wiecek, Intermediate Accounting (Mississauga: John Wiley & Sons Canada, 2012), p. 35.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, Young, and Wiecek 2012, 35) 35 refers to page number, if necessary
Editor, no author
Footnote/Endnote: Donald Smith, ed., Corporate Responsibility (New York: Thames Publishing, 2013), p. 89.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith 2013)
Chapter or article in edited book
Footnote/Endnote: David German, "Sustainable Development," in Corporate Responsibility, edited by Simon Cook (New York: Thames Publishing, 2013), p. 81.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (German 2013, 81) 81 refers to page number, if necessary
Cases (Print)
With one (1) author
Footnote/Endnote: James M. Hagen, Ben & Jerry's - Japan (London, ON: Ivey Publishing, 2013), p. 15.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Hagen 2013, 15)
With two (2) authors
Footnote/Endnote: Simon Parker and Ken Mark, Entrepreneurs at Twitter: Building a Brand, a Social Tool or a Tech Powerhouse? (London, ON: Ivey Publishing, 2013), p. 15.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Parker and Mark 2013)
Cases (Electronic)
With one (1) author
Footnote/Endnote: Paul Beamish, "Chinese Fireworks Industry - Revised," Ivey No. 9B11M006 (London, ON, Ivey Publishing 2011), https://www.iveycases.com/ProductView.aspx?id=45169, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Beamish 2011)
With two (2) authors
Footnote/Endnote: Allen Morrison and Cyril Bouquet, "Swatch and the Global Watch Industry," Ivey No. 9A99M023 (London, ON, Ivey Publishing, 2000), https://www.iveycases.com/ProductView.aspx?id=44266, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Morrison and Bouquet 2000)
Company Reports
Footnote/Endnote: Mergent, Apple Inc. General company information report. Mergent Online, https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://www.mergentonline.com/ (accessed September 19, 2013).
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Mergent 2013)
Conference Proceedings (Electronic)
Footnote/Endnote: S.T. Surulivel, C.V. Banu, R. Amudha, and B. Charumathi, "Effectiveness of information disclosure of banks operating in India on their web sites — An empirical study" August 17, 2012, Proceedings of Management Issues in Emerging Economies Conference Paper, available on IEEE Xplore website, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=6316807, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Surulivel, Banu, Amudha, and Charumathi 2012)
Corporate Author
Footnote/Endnote: Conference Board of Canada, Travel Exclusive: Key Trends for the Travel Industry (Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada, 2013).
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Conference Board of Canada 2013)
Country Report
Footnote/Endnote: Economist Intelligence Unit, India country report, August 2013, accessed September/2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Economist Intelligence Unit 2013)
Dissertation/Thesis
Footnote/Endnote: Kendra Hart, "The Role of Self-Brand Overlap in Consumer Evaluations of Brand Portfolio Management Decisions" (PhD diss., Western University, 2013) Retrieved from http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1502/
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Hart 2013)
Focus Groups
Note: Include the name/topic of your focus group, date it took place, location of the focus group, and the names of participants, in surname alphabetical order. Indicate the direct telephone numbers of the participants.
Footnote/Endnote: Dog Walking 2257 Feasibility Study, focus group, December 10, 2015, London, Ontario. Participants: Jane Doe 519-437-2589, John Doe 226-879-5689, Joe Smith 519-226-2314, Bob White 226-978-8956, and Nicole Zuiker 519-497-8965.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Dog Walking 2257 Feasibilty Study, focus group 2015)
Images (online)
Footnote/Endnote: 1. Andrew Alvarez, “Sector vs Industry Costs,” IBISWorld Industry Report 72221bCA Coffee & Snack Shops in Canada, December 2015. http://clients1.ibisworld.com/reports/ca/industry/competitivelandscape.aspx?entid=1973#MSC.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Alvarez 2015)
Interviews
Footnote/Endnote: John Doe, interview by Calvin Smith, in discussion with the author, September 15, 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Doe 2013)
Journal Articles (Electronic)
With one (1) author
Footnote/Endnote: Douglas Smith, "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12, no. 3 (2013): 252-264, JSTOR, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith 2013)
With two (2) authors
Footnote/Endnote: Douglas Smith and Tommy Jones, "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12, no. 3 (2013): 252-264, JSTOR, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith and Jones 2013)
With three (3) or more authors
Footnote/Endnote: Douglas Smith, Tommy Jones, and Simon Cook, "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12, no. 3 (2013): 252-264, JSTOR, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith, Jones, and Cook 2013)
No author given
Footnote/Endnote: "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12, no. 3 (2013): 252-264, JSTOR, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: ("Managerial Science Success" 2013)
Journal Articles (Print)
With one (1) author
Footnote/Endnote: Donald Smith, “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 12, no. 3 (2013): 252-264.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith 2013)
With two (2) authors
Footnote/Endnote: Donald Smith and Tommy Jones, “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 12, no. 3 (2013): 252-264.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith and Jones 2013)
With three (3) or more authors
Footnote/Endnote: Donald Smith, Tommy Jones, and Simon Cook, “Managerial Science Success,” Project Management Review 12, no. 3 (2013): 252-264.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith, Jones, and Cook 2013)
No author given
Footnote/Endnote: "Managerial Science Success," Project Management Review 12, no. 3 (2013): 252-264.
Author-Date/In-text citation: ("Managerial Science Success" 2013)
Newspaper Articles (Electronic)
With one (1) author
Footnote/Endnote: Douglas Smith, "Buying a Home," The Financial Times, June 14, 2013, http://www.financial.com/, accessed July 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith 2013)
With two (2) authors
Footnote/Endnote: "Buying a Home," The Financial Times, June 14, 2013, http://www.financial.com/, accessed July 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: ("Buying a Home" 2013)
Newspaper Articles (Print)
With one (1) author
Footnote/Endnote: Douglas Smith, "Buying a Home," The Financial Times, September 19, 2013, sec. 3, p. 2.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith 2013)
No author given
Footnote/Endnote: "Buying a Home," The Financial Times, September 19, 2013, sec. 3, p. 2.
Author-Date/In-text citation: ("Buying a Home" 2013)
Maps
Footnote/Endnote: Stewart Hamilton, Danone's major investments in China [map]. Baskingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2013. In: Stewart Hamilton. Doing business with China : avoiding the pitfalls. Retrieved from https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=338086
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Hamilton 2013)
Marketing/Industry Report
Footnote/Endnote: MarketLine, “Europe - Online Retail.” MarketLine Advantage database 2013, https://www.lib.uwo.ca/cgi-bin/ezpauthn.cgi?url=http://advantage.marketline.com/ (accessed September 19, 2013).
Author-Date/In-text citation: (MarketLine 2013)
Podcast (Audio)
With one (1) presenter
Footnote/Endnote: Kai Ryssdal, The Yosemite economy - Notes from Marketplace Podcast, podcast audio, MP3, accessed September 19, 2013, http://www.marketplace.org/podcasts/.
Author-Date/In-text citation:(Ryssdal 2013)
With two (2) presenters
Footnote/Endnote: Caleb Penn and John Wall, Dave Delaney on New Business Networking - Notes from Marketing Over Coffee Podcast, podcast audio, MP3, accessed September 19, 2013, http://www.marketingovercoffee.com/2013/06/29/dave-delaney-on-new-business-networking/.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Penn and Wall 2013)
PowerPoint Slides/Presentations
Footnote/Endnote: Simon Jones, "Business leaders in the twenty-first century," PowerPoint presentation, September 12, 2013, Ivey Business School, London, ON.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Jones 2013)
SEDAR/EDGAR (Company Filings)
Footnote/Endnote: Royal Bank of Canada, September 5, 2013 Prospectus supplement (filed August 29, 2013), http://www.sedar.com/, accessed September 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Royal Bank of Canada 2013)
Statistics/Datasets
Statistics Canada or other government statistical source
Footnote/Endnote: Statistics Canada. Detailed household final consumption expenditure, provincial and territorial, 2011 Census. Catalogue number 384-0041 in Statistics Canada [database online]. Ottawa, Ont., 2011 [accessed September 5 2013]. Available from: http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=3840041&tabMode=dataTable&srchLan=-1&p1=-1&p2=35. Accessed September 5, 2013.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Statistics Canada 2011)
Surveys
Footnote/Endnote: 1. John White, "Dog Walking 2257 Feasibilty Study, survey, Survey Monkey, November 25, 2015. Web.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (White 2015)
Telephone Interviews
Footnote/Endnote: 1. Alex Smith (entrepreneur) in discussion with Joe Smith (author of report), January 2015.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Smith 2015)
Twitter/Tweet
Footnote/Endnote: Robert Peston, Twitter post, March 4, 2013, 3:47 a.m., https://twitter.com/Peston/statuses/308544305306415104.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Peston 2013)
Video (Streaming)
Footnote/Endnote: Films on Demand, “Sheryl Sandberg: Women Must Learn to "Lean In",” Nightline, (New York: ABC, 2013), streaming video, http://digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=15517&xtid=54396.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Films on Demand 2013)
Websites
Footnote/Endnote: Loblaws, “Who we are Loblaws supermarkets: a brief history,” Loblaws. accessed September 18, 2013, http://www.loblaws.ca/en_CA/community/who-we-are.html.
Author-Date/In-text citation: (Loblaws 2013)
